0 引言
1 数值模拟
1.1 数值模型和物理模型
Table 1 Models and boundary conditions表1 模型及边界条件设置 |
名称 | 模型参数 |
---|---|
湍流模型 | Realizable k-ɛ模型 |
燃烧模型 | Eddy-dissipation concept(EDC)模型 |
燃料入口 | 速度入口 |
氧化剂入口 | 速度入口 |
伴流入口 | 速度入口 |
出口 | 压力出口 |
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the physical model图1 物理模型示意图 |
Table 2 Molar fractions of combustion products of hydrogen under an equivalence ratio of 0.3表2 当量比为0.3条件下氢气燃烧产物的摩尔分数 |
燃烧产物 | 摩尔分数 |
---|---|
H2 | 2.63 × 10-8 |
O | 5.98 × 10-8 |
O2 | 0.14 |
OH | 8.26 × 10-6 |
H2O | 0.115 |
N2 | 0.744 |
Fig. 2 The equivalent ratio versus laminar flame speed图2 当量比与层流火焰速度的关系图 |
1.2 模型及网格无关性验证
Table 3 GCI results of numerical simulation grids表3 数值模拟网格的GCI结果 |
网格数/个 | rk | Tmax/K | 𝜀 | IGCI/% |
---|---|---|---|---|
5.0◊105 | 1.225 | 2 094 | 0.028 00 | 7.2 |
9.2◊105 | 1.295 | 2 153 | 0.034 00 | 6.4 |
2.0◊106 | 1.249 | 2 228 | 0.009 40 | 2.1 |
3.9◊106 | 1.238 | 2 249 | 0.005 27 | 1.3 |
7.4◊106 | — | 2 260 | — | — |
2 结果与讨论
Table 4 Reynolds number at the nozzle exit under different operating conditions表4 不同计算工况下喷嘴出口雷诺数 |
Φ | 特征直径/mm | 出口流速/(m/s) | Re |
---|---|---|---|
0.4 ~ 1.0 | 4 | 20 | 3 162 ~ 3 544 |
25 | 3 951 ~ 4 430 | ||
30 | 4 740 ~ 5 316 | ||
35 | 5 532 ~ 6 202 |
2.1 当量比对喷嘴火焰特性的影响
Fig. 3 Flame temperature distribution map under different equivalence ratios at the outlet velocity of 35 m/s图3 出口流速为35 m/s时不同当量比下火焰温度分布图 |
Fig. 4 Axial flame temperature distribution under different equivalence ratios at the outlet velocity of 35 m/s图4 出口流速为35 m/s时不同当量比下的轴向火焰温度分布图 |
Fig. 5 Distribution of OH mass fraction under different equivalence ratios at the outlet velocity of 35 m/s图5 出口流速为35 m/s时不同当量比下OH质量分数分布 |
Fig. 6 Distribution of heat release rate under different equivalence ratios at the outlet velocity of 35 m/s图6 出口流速为35 m/s时不同当量比下的释热率分布图 |
2.2 喷嘴出口流速对火焰特性的影响
Fig. 7 Mass fraction distribution cloud map of radicals at different velocities when the equivalence ratio is 1.0: (a) OH; (b) OH*; (c) HCO图7 当量比为1.0时不同流速下自由基的质量分数分布云图:(a)OH;(b)OH*;(c)HCO |
Fig. 8 H and OH distribution at 10 mm from nozzle outlet图8 喷嘴出口10 mm处H和OH的质量分数分布图 |
2.3 伴流对火焰特性的影响
Fig. 9 Distribution of OH (a) and OH* (b) under conditions with and without coflow at the outlet velocity of 30 m/s and an equivalence ratio of 0.8图9 出口流速为30 m/s、当量比0.8为时有无伴流条件下OH(a)和OH*(b)分布图 |
Fig. 10 Mass fraction distribution of primary radicals along the axial direction under conditions with and without coflow at the velocity of 30 m/s and an equivalence ratio of 0.8: (a) high concentration of free radicals; (b) low concentration of free radicals图10 出口流速为30 m/s、当量比为0.8时有无伴流条件下自由基沿轴向质量分数分布图:(a)高质量分数自由基;(b)低质量分数自由基 |