0 引言
1 实验部分
1.1 材料制备
1.2 材料的物化结构表征
1.3 材料的电化学性能测试
2 结果与讨论
Fig. 1 SEM images of precursors with different reaction times: (a) 3 h; (b) 6 h; (c) 9 h; (d) 12 h图1 不同反应时间制备前驱体的SEM图:(a)3 h; (b)6 h;(c)9 h;(d)12 h |
Fig. 2 (a) SEM image of LLO; SEM image (b), TEM image (c), top (bottom) plane HRTEM image (d), side HRTEM image (e) and FFT image (f) of HLLO图2 (a)LLO的SEM图;HLLO的SEM图(b)、TEM图(c)、顶(底)部平面HRTEM图(d)、侧面HRTEM图(e)及FFT图(f) |
Fig. 3 XRD spectrum (a, b) and Raman spectrum (c) of LLO; XRD spectrum (d, e) and Raman spectrum (f) of HLLO图3 LLO的XRD图谱(a、b)和拉曼光谱(c);HLLO的XRD图谱(d、e)和拉曼光谱(f) |
Table 1 Composition analysis of LLO and HLLO materials by ICP表1 ICP分析LLO和HLLO材料的成分 |
Sample | Content / % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Li | Mn | Ni | Co | |
LLO | 1.169 | 0.381 | 0.412 | 0.051 |
HLLO | 1.171 | 0.379 | 0.401 | 0.049 |
Fig. 4 XPS spectra of the LLO and HLLO samples: (a) Ni 2p; (b) Mn 2p; (c) Co 2p图4 LLO样品和HLLO样品的XPS图谱:(a)Ni 2p;(b)Mn 2p;(c)Co 2p |
Fig. 5 Typical initial charge-discharge curves of LLO (a) and HLLO (b) at 0.1 C; dQ/dV profiles of LLO (c) and HLLO (d)图5 LLO(a)和HLLO(b)样品在0.1 C倍率下的首圈充放电曲线;(c、d)对应首圈充放电的微分电容曲线 |
Fig. 6 (a) Cycle performance of LLO and HLLO after 200 cycles at 0.3 C; (b) median voltage change curve during cycling; (c) rate performance; (d) cycle performance of 500 cycles at 1 C图6 (a)LLO和HLLO样品在0.3 C倍率下循环200周曲线图;(b)循环过程中中值电压变化曲线;(c)倍率性能图;(d)1 C倍率下循环500周曲线图 |
Table 2 The data of cycling performance for the LLO and HLLO samples at 0.3 C and 1 C rate (2.0 - 4.65 V)表2 LLO和HLLO样品在0.3 C和1 C下的循环性能数据(2.0 ~ 4.65 V) |
Sample | Condition | Specific capacity / (mA∙h/g) | Capacity retention / % |
---|---|---|---|
LLO | 0.3 C, 1st | 197 | 73 |
0.3 C, 200 th | 144 | ||
1.0 C, 1 st | 152 | 43 | |
1.0 C, 500 th | 66 | ||
HLLO | 0.3 C, 1 st | 190 | 95 |
0.3 C, 200 th | 181 | ||
1.0 C, 1 st | 137 | 86 | |
1.0 C, 500 th | 117 |
Fig. 7 dQ/dV profiles of LLO (a) and HLLO (b) for different cycles at 0.3 C图7 LLO(a)和HLLO(b)在0.3 C倍率下循环不同圈数的dQ/dV曲线 |
Fig. 8 (a) Fitted equivalent circuit diagram of HLLO and LLO; electrochemical impedance spectra of LLO (b) and HLLO (c) after 200 cycles; (d) the curve comparison of the real impedance Z″ versus ω-1/2 and corresponding linear fitting图8 (a)HLLO与LLO拟合等效电路图;200次循环后LLO(b)和HLLO(c)材料的交流阻抗谱;(d)实部阻抗Z″ 与ω-1/2的曲线比较 |
Table 3 Fitting parameters for electrochemical spectra of LLO and HLLO after 200 cycles表3 LLO和HLLO样品在循环200圈后阻抗测试的拟合结果 |
Sample | Rs / Ω | Rf / Ω | Rct / Ω | DLi+ / (cm2/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
LLO | 2.4 | 112.6 | 350.3 | 9.5×10-14 |
HLLO | 2.1 | 17.3 | 100.2 | 3.9×10-13 |
Fig. 9 XRD patterns of LLO (a) and HLLO (b), HRTEM patterns of LLO (c) and HLLO (d) after 200 cycles at 0.3 C图9 在0.3 C循环200周后的LLO(a)、HLLO(b)的XRD图,LLO(c)、HLLO(d)的HRTEM图 |