海域天然气水合物钻探研究进展及启示：储集层特征
收稿日期: 2015-01-16
修回日期: 2015-08-28
网络出版日期: 2015-10-30
基金资助
国家自然科学青年基金项目（41202080）；
中国石油科技创新基金研究项目（2013D-5006-0105）；
油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室（成都理工大学）开放基金项目（PLC201407）；
中国科学院重点部署项目（KGZD-EW-301）
The Progress and Revelations of Marine Gas Hydrate Explorations: Reservoir Characteristics
Received date: 2015-01-16
Revised date: 2015-08-28
Online published: 2015-10-30
本文基于世界范围内天然气水合物勘探的研究成果，系统回顾和总结了含水合物的沉积体类型，即水合物的储集体。根据水合物的实际分布和产出特征，将水合物藏划分为非渗透的细粒泥质沉积物中浸染状水合物、含裂隙的细粒泥质沉积物中裂缝充填型水合物或结核结壳型水合物、流体喷口附近海底浅表层水合物、粗粒砂质沉积物中孔隙充填型水合物四类。其中细粒沉积物孔隙度较小，渗透率较低，水合物饱和度低，开采难度大；流体喷口附近浅表层水合物分布范围十分局限，开采风险大；裂缝充填型水合物的分布主要受活动断层或微裂隙的控制，其形成机制和原位资源量仍不清楚；粗粒沉积物孔隙度较大、渗透率较高、水合物以高饱和度的孔隙充填型为主，矿体展布集中、开采难度较小。根据水合物原位资源量和开采难度，它们分别自下而上位于水合物资源金字塔的底部到顶部。以水合物油气系统思想为指导，寻找砂体中的水合物藏是现在和将来水合物勘探的重要方向之一。
乔少华 , 苏 明 , 杨 睿 , 匡增桂 , 梁金强 , 吴能友 . 海域天然气水合物钻探研究进展及启示：储集层特征[J]. 新能源进展, 2015 , 3(5) : 357 -366 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2015.05.007
The types of gas hydrate-bearing sediments were reviewed and summarized systematically based on the worldwide hydrate exploration results. Four different gas hydrate types or occurrences are known: (1) low-concentration, disseminated hydrate in mostly impermeable clays, (2) fracture filling hydrate in clay-dominated fractured sediments, (3) massive hydrate exposed on the seafloor around the venting, and (4) pore-filling hydrate in sand-dominated sediments. Fine grained muds and shales have low porosity, low permeability and low hydrate saturation, the prospects for economic recovery of natural gas from this highly disseminated hydrate are very poor with current technologies. Commercial recovery of hydrate from ventings is unlikely because of economic and technology hurdles and the probable destruction of sensitive sea-floor ecosystems. The distribution of fracture-filling hydrates is controlled by active faults and micro fractures, and the formation mechanism and in-place resources of this type of hydrate accumulation are still unknown. Coarse grained sediments have large porosity, high permeability, and the pore-filling hydrate have high saturation, which means sand reservoirs are conducive to existing well-based production technologies. These four types of hydrate accumulations are located in the resource pyramid from the bottom to the top. Search for hydrate in sand-dominated reservoirs using hydrate petroleum system as guiding ideology is one of the most important researching directions for hydrate exploration in the future.
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