Advances in New and Renewable Energy >
Characteristics of Authigenic Minerals from the Northern South China Sea
Received date: 2015-12-03
Revised date: 2015-12-25
Online published: 2015-02-28
Authigenic carbonates, pyrite and gypsum were the main minerals associated with cold seeps or gas hydrate in the Nansha Trough, Shenhu areas, southwestern and northeastern of Dongsha from the northern South China Sea. The northeastern Dongsha are the most authigenic minerals-riched area in northern South China Sea. These authigenic carbonates consist of concretions, nodules, chimneys, massive blocks. Mineralogically, the carbonates in Shenhu and southwest Dongsha samples are dominated by dolomite, and aragonite are mainly composed of the samples from Xisha trough, high-Mg calcite are composed of the samples from northeast Dongsha samples. The carbon and oxygen isotopes of carbonate indicated 13C-depleted and 18O-enriched sources which are identical to the ones retrieved at cold seeps or gas hydrate sites. The authigenic pyrite are rods and mainly composed of framboids pyrite, it has the high δ34S value which may result from anaerobic oxidation of methane in gas hydrate-bearing sediment in a close system. Gypsum are mainly collected from shenhu and northeast Dongsha, it has spherical or massive morphology, and shows a transparent and euhedral shape. The characteristic of these authigenic minerals in northern South China Sea provided the minerals evidence to the gas hydrate exploration in the future.
Key words： gas hydrate; South China Sea; carbonate; pyrite; gypsum
ZHANG Mei , WU Dai-dai , WU Neng-you . Characteristics of Authigenic Minerals from the Northern South China Sea[J]. Advances in New and Renewable Energy, 2016 , 4(1) : 20 -27 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2016.01.004
[1] KVENVOLDEN K A. Potential effects of gas hydrate on human welfare[J]. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America, 1999, 96(7): 3420-3426. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.7.3420.
[2] MASLIN M, OWEN M, DAY S, et al. Linking continental-slope failures and climate change: testing the clathrate gun hypothesis[J]. Geology, 2004, 32(1): 53-56. DOI: 10.1130/G20114.1.
[3] MASLIN M A, THOMAS E. Balancing the deglacial global carbon budget: the hydrate factor[J]. Quaternary science reviews, 2003, 22(15/17): 1729-1736. DOI: 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00135-5.
[4] KENNETT J P, CANNARIATO K G, HENDY I L, et al. Methane hydrates in quaternary climate change: the clathrate gun hypothesis[M]. Washington D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2003: 216.
[5] WELLSBURY P, GOODMAN K, CRAGG B A, et al. The geomicrobiology of deep marine sediments from Blake Ridge containing methane hydrate (Sites 994, 995 and 997)[M] //PAULL C K, MATSUMOTO R, WALLACE P J, DILLON W P, eds. Proceedings of the ocean drilling program, 2000, 164: 379-391.
[6] 陈忠, 黄奇瑜, 颜文, 等. 南海西沙海槽的碳酸盐结壳及其对甲烷冷泉活动的指示意义[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2007, 26(2): 26-33. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2007.02.005.
[7] 陆红锋, 陈芳, 刘坚, 等. 南海北部神狐海区的自生碳酸盐岩烟囱——海底富烃流体活动的记录[J]. 地质论评, 2006, 52(3): 352-357.
[8] 韩喜球, 杨克红, 黄永样. 南海东沙东北冷泉流体的来源和性质: 来自烟囱状冷泉碳酸盐岩的证据[J]. 科学通报, 2013, 58(19): 1865-1873.
[9] FENG D, CHEN D F. Authigenic carbonates from an active cold seep of the northern South China Sea: New insights into fluid sources and past seepage activity[J]. Deep sea research part II: topical studies in oceanography, 2015, 122: 74-83. DOI:10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.02.003.
[10] LU H F, CHEN F, LIU J, et al. Mineralogies and stable isotopic compositions of methane-derived carbonates from the Northeastern South China Sea[J]. Marine geology & quaternary geology, 2010, 30(2): 51-59. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1140.2010.02051.
[11] 陈忠, 杨华平, 黄奇瑜, 等. 南海东沙西南海域冷泉碳酸盐岩特征及其意义[J]. 现代地质, 2008, 22(3): 382-389. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2008.03.006.
[12] WU S, ZHANG G, HUANG Y, et al. Gas hydrate occurrence on the continental slope of the northern South China Sea[J]. Marine and petroleum geology, 2005, 22(3): 403-412. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.11.006.
[13] LU Y, SUN X M, LIN Z Y, et al. Cold seep status archived in authigenic carbonates: Mineralogical and isotopic evidence from Northern South China Sea[J]. Deep sea research part II: topical studies in oceanography, 2015, 122: 95-105. DOI:10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.06.014.
[14] HAN X Q, SUESS E, HUANG Y Y, et al. Jiulong methane reef: Microbial mediation of seep carbonates in the South China Sea[J]. Marine geology, 2008, 249(3/4): 243-256. DOI: 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.11.012.
[15] HAN X Q, SUESS E, SAHLING H, et al. Fluid venting activity on the Costa Rica margin: New results from authigenic carbonates[J]. International journal of earth sciences, 2004, 93(4): 596-611. DOI: 10.1007/s00531-004-0402-y.
[16] DIAZ-DEL-RIO V, SOMOZA L, MARTI?NEZ-FRIAS J, et al. Vast fields of hydrocarbon-derived carbonate chimneys related to the accretionary wedge/olistostrome of the Gulf of Cádiz[J]. Marine geology, 2003, 195(1/4): 177-200. DOI:10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00687-4.
[17] MAGALHÃES V H, PINHEIRO L M, IVANOV M K, et al. Formation processes of methane-derived authigenic carbonates from the Gulf of Cadiz[J]. Sedimentary geology, 2011, 243-244: 255-268. DOI: doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.10.013.
[18] SUESS E. Marine cold seeps[M] //TIMMIS K N, ed. Handbook of hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010: 185-203.
[19] LIN S, LIM Y, LIU C S, et al. Formosa ridge, a cold seep with densely populated chemosynthetic community in the passive margin, southwest of Taiwan[J]. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 2007, 71(15): A582.
[20] HUANG C Y, CHIEN C W, ZHAO M X, et al. Geological study of active cold seeps in the Syn-collision accretionary prism Kaoping slope off SW Taiwan[J]. Terrestrial, atmospheric and oceanic sciences, 2006, 17(4): 679-702.
[21] FENG D, BIRGEL D, PECKMANN J, et al. Time integrated variation of sources of fluids and seepage dynamics archived in authigenic carbonates from Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Seafloor Observatory[J]. Chemical geology, 2014, 385: 129-139. DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.07.020.
[22] GE L, JIANG S Y, SWENNEN R, et al. Chemical environment of cold seep carbonate formation on the northern continental slope of South China Sea: Evidence from trace and rare earth element geochemistry[J]. Marine geology, 2010, 277(1/4): 21-30. DOI:10.1016/j.margeo.2010.08.008.
[23] JØRGENSEN N O. Methane-derived carbonate cementation of marine sediments from the Kattegat, Denmark: Geochemical and geological evidence[J]. Marine geology, 1992, 103(1/3): 1-13. DOI: 10.1016/0025-3227(92)90006-4.
[24] PAULL C K, CHANTON J P, NEUMANN A C, et al. Indicators of methane-derived carbonates and chemosynthetic organic carbon deposits: examples from the Florida Escarpment[J]. PALAIOS, 1992, 7(4): 361-375. DOI: 10.2307/3514822.
[25] 葛璐, 蒋少涌, 杨涛, 等. 南海北部神狐海区冷泉碳酸盐岩的地球化学特征[J]. 矿物学报, 2009, 29(S1): 370.
[26] 杨克红, 初凤友, 赵建如, 等. 南海北部冷泉碳酸盐岩层状结构及其地质意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2008, 28(5): 11-16.
[27] 苏新, 陈芳, 陆红锋, 等. 南海北部深海甲烷冷泉自生碳酸盐岩显微结构特征与流体活动关系初探[J]. 现代地质, 2008, 22(3): 376-381. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2008.03.005.
[28] 卞友艳, 林治家, 冯东, 等. 冷泉碳酸盐岩的稀土元素地球化学特征及氧化还原条件示踪[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2012, 31(5): 37-44. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2012.05.006.
[29] FENG D, CHEN D F, PECKMANN J. Rare earth elements in seep carbonates as tracers of variable redox conditions at ancient hydrocarbon seeps[J]. Terra nova, 2009, 21(1): 49-56. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3121.2008.00855.x.
[30] BIRGEL D, FENG D, ROBERTS H H, et al. Changing redox conditions at cold seeps as revealed by authigenic carbonates from Alaminos Canyon, northern Gulf of Mexico[J]. Chemical geology, 2011, 285(1/4): 82-96. DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.03.004.
[31] HU Y, FENG D, PECKMANN J, et al. New insights into cerium anomalies and mechanisms of trace metal enrichment in authigenic carbonate from hydrocarbon seeps[J]. Chemical geology, 2014, 381: 55-66. DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.05.014.
[32] WANG S H, YAN W, CHEN Z, et al. Rare earth elements in cold seep carbonates from the southwestern Dongsha area, northern South China Sea[J]. Marine and petroleum geology, 2014, 57: 482-493. DOI: doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.06.017.
[33] TONG H P, FENG D, CHENG H, et al. Authigenic carbonates from seeps on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea: New insights into fluid sources and geochronology[J]. Marine and petroleum geology, 2013, 43: 260-271. DOI:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.01.011.
[34] 陈多福, 陈先沛, 陈光谦. 冷泉流体沉积碳酸盐岩的地质地球化学特征[J]. 沉积学报, 2002, 20(1): 34-40. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0550.2002.01.007.
[35] 佟宏鹏, 冯东, 陈多福. 南海北部冷泉碳酸盐岩的矿物、岩石及地球化学研究进展[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2012, 31(5): 45-56. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2012.05.007.
[36] 刘坚, 陆红锋, 廖志良, 等. 东沙海域浅层沉积物硫化物分布特征及其与天然气水合物的关系[J]. 地学前缘, 2005, 12(3): 258-262. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2005.03.028.
[37] 陆红锋, 陈芳, 廖志良, 等. 南海东北部HD196A岩心的自生条状黃铁矿[J]. 地质学报, 2007, 81(4): 519-525. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2007.04.010.
[38] 谢蕾, 王家生, 吴能友, 等. 南海北部神狐海域浅表层沉积物中自生黄铁矿及其泥火山指示意义[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2013, 43(3): 351-359.
[39] 谢蕾, 王家生, 林杞. 南海北部神狐水合物赋存区浅表层沉积物自生矿物特征及其成因探讨[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2012, 31(3): 382-392. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6524.2012.03.008.
[40] 张美, 孙晓明, 芦阳, 等. 南海台西南盆地自生管状黄铁矿矿物学特征及其对天然气水合物的示踪意义[J]. 矿床地质, 2011, 30(4): 725-734. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7106.2011.04.011.
[41] FAURE G. Principles of isotope geology[M]. 2nd ed.New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986: 531.
[42] BÖTTCHER M E, SMOCK A M, CYPIONKA H. Sulfur isotope fractionation during experimental precipitation of iron(II) and manganese(II) sulfide at room temperature[J]. Chemical geology, 1998, 146(3/4): 127-134. DOI:10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00004-7.
[43] BÖNING P, BRUMSACK H J, BÖTTCHER M E, et al. Geochemistry of Peruvian near-surface sediments[J]. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 2004, 68(21): 4429-4451. DOI: 10.1016.j.gca.2004.04.027.
[44] WILKIN R T, BARNES H L. Pyrite formation by reactions of iron monosulfides with dissolved inorganic and organic sulfur species[J]. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 1996, 60(21): 4167-4179. DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)81466-4.
[45] 张美, 孙晓明, 徐莉, 等. 南海台西南盆地自生管状黄铁矿中纳米级石墨碳的发现及其对天然气水合物的示踪意义[J]. 科学通报, 2011, 56(21): 1756-1762.
[46] ZHANG M, KONISHI H, XU H F, et al. Morphology and formation mechanism of pyrite induced by the anaerobic oxidation of methane from the continental slope of the NE South China Sea[J]. Journal of Asian earth sciences, 2014, 92: 293-301. DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.05.004.
[47] ZHANG M, KONISHI H, SUN X M, et al. Marcasite lamellae defects in pyrite framboids[J]. Acta mineralogica-petrographica, 2010, 6: 746. (未链接到本条文献信息, 请核对)
[48] 蒲晓强, 钟少军, 于雯泉, 等. 南海北部陆坡NH-1孔沉积物中自生硫化物及其硫同位素对深部甲烷和水合物存在的指示[J]. 科学通报, 2006, 51(24): 2874-2880.
[49] 陆红锋, 刘坚, 吴庐山, 等. 南海天然气水合物钻孔自生黄铁矿硫同位素特征[J]. 地学前缘, 2015, 22(2): 200-206. DOI: 10.13745/j.esf.2015.02.017.
[50] 陆红锋, 廖志良, 陈芳, 等. 南海神狐海域天然气水合物钻孔自生黄铁矿特征[J]. 南海地质研究, 2010: 1-6. (请核对卷号、期号)
[51] 张劼, 雷怀彦, 欧文佳, 等. 南海北部陆坡973-4柱沉积物中硫酸盐–甲烷转换带(SMTZ)研究及其对水合物的指示意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2014, 25(11): 1811-1820.
[52] BRISKIN M, SCHREIBER B C. Authigenic gypsum in marine sediments[J]. Marine geology, 1978, 28(1/2): 37-49. DOI: 10.1016/0025-3227(78)90095-6.
[53] 黄惠玉, 王慧中. 南极Bransfield 海峡海冰沉积物中的自生石膏[J]. 同济大学学报, 1994, 22(1): 121-125.
[54] JØRGENSEN N O. Gypsum formation in recent submarine sediments from Kattegat, Denmark[J]. Chemical geology, 1980, 28: 349-353. DOI: 10.1016/0009-2541(80)90055-8.
[55] BÖTTCHER M E, BRUMSACK H J, DE LANGE G J. Sulfate reduction and related stable isotope (34S, 18O) variations in interstitial waters from the eastern Mediterranean[C] // ROBERTSON A H F, EMEIS K C, RICHTER C, CAMERLENGHI A, eds. Proceedings of the ODP, Scientific results. College Station, TX, 1998: 365-373.
[56] 王家生, SUESS E, RICKERT D. 东北太平洋天然气水合物伴生沉积物中自生石膏矿物[J]. 中国科学(D辑), 2003, 33(5): 433-441. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7240.2003.05.005.
[57] SASSEN R, ROBERTS H H, CARNEY R, et al. Free hydrocarbon gas, gas hydrate, and authigenic minerals in chemosynthetic communities of the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope: relation to microbial processes[J]. Chemical geology, 2004, 205(3/4): 195-217. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.032.
[58] 陈忠, 颜文, 陈木宏, 等. 南沙海槽表层沉积自生石膏-黄铁矿组合的成因及其对天然气渗漏的指示意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2007, 27(2): 91-100.
[59] 林志勇, 孙晓明, 芦阳. 南海北部沉积物中自生石膏矿物学特征[J]. 矿物学报, 2013(S2): 658-659.
[60] REES C E, JENKINS W J, MONSTER J. The sulphur isotopic composition of ocean water sulphate[J]. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 1978, 42(4): 377-381. DOI: 10.1016/0016-7037(78)90268-5.
[61] 张美, 吴能友, 邬黛黛, 等. 南海神狐海域柱状沉积物中自生石膏特征[C]//2013年度海洋地质环境与资源学术研讨会论文集. 广州: 中国地质学会海洋地质专业委员会, 2013: 88.
[62] COLEMAN M L, RAISWELL R. Source of carbonate and origin of zonation in pyritiferous carbonate concretions: evaluation of a dynamic model[J]. American journal of science, 1995, 295(3): 282-308. DOI: 10.2475/ajs.295.3.282.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |