31 October 2025, Volume 13 Issue 5

    

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  The Impact of Cathode Micro-Porous Layer Parameters on Mass Transport and Performance in Low Air Pressure Fuel Cells

  YAO Weitao, YANG Daijun, LU Yirui, LIAN Yutao, SU Guoqing

  Advances in New and Renewable Energy. 2025, 13(5): 483-492. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.05.001

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  Low air pressure fuel cells can be used for household combined heat and power (CHP) systems and distributed energy systems. However, the transport of reactant gases and water within the micro-porous layer of low air pressure fuel cells is easily obstructed, leading to large voltage fluctuations and poor output performance. To enhance the gas-liquid transport in the cathode micro-porous layer and improve the power generation performance of fuel cells under a low air pressure condition of 15 kPa, this study established a three-dimensional multiphase fuel cell model. The model analyzed the effects of different porosities, thicknesses, multilayer structures, and non-uniform gradient micro-porous layers on the gas-liquid transport and output performance of fuel cells. It also considered the impact of micro-porous layer porosity and thickness on conductivity, and investigated the influence of multi-parameter coupling on output performance. The results show that under a low air pressure condition of 15 kPa, the fuel cell achieves the best performance when the micro-porous layer has a porosity of 60% and a thickness of 60 µm. The use of multilayer and non-uniform gradient structures in the micro-porous layer can enhance mass transport and improve the output performance of fuel cells. The developed model can be used for analysis and prediction in the development of micro-porous layers for low air pressure fuel cells.
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  Recent Progress in Artificial Interphase Layer for Stabilized Zinc Anodes of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

  LUO Jiaxiang, LI Huiling, QIU Zhaoxu, LI Na

  Advances in New and Renewable Energy. 2025, 13(5): 493-502. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.05.002

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  Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries have become a research priority in the field of energy storage due to their low cost and high safety. However, side reactions such as zinc dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, and surface passivation of the zinc anode severely limit battery performance. Constructing an interfacial protective layer is one of the core strategies to address these issues. This article systematically reviews the key challenges faced by zinc anodes and existing modification strategies for interfacial protective layers, with an in-depth analysis of the preparation methods, mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of different types of protective layers. Furthermore, it summarizes the current shortcomings in the characterization, evaluation methods, and large-scale application of interfacial protection strategies. It proposes key future directions for breakthroughs in anode protection technology for zinc-ion batteries.
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  Kinetic Characterization of CO₂ Hydrate Generation in Natural Sea Sand Sediments#br#

  ZHANG Qi, ZHOU Xuebing, LIN Decai, LIANG Deqing

  Advances in New and Renewable Energy. 2025, 13(5): 503-509. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.05.003

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  The continuous rise in atmospheric CO₂ concentrations has led to global warming, posing serious challenges to human survival. CO₂ hydrate technology, a promising approach for carbon sequestration, has therefore gained global attention. In this study, the kinetics of CO₂ hydrate formation in natural sea sand with particle sizes of 0.3-0.45 mm under simulated vertical well gas injection was examined. Experiments were conducted at temperatures of 274.15 K, 276.15 K, and 278.15 K. To maintain a consistent reaction driving force, pressures were set at 3.20 MPa, 3.50 MPa, and 3.87 MPa, with initial water saturation levels ranging from 15% to 55%. Results indicate that simulating vertical wells enhances gas diffusion within the reservoir, and lower experimental temperatures lead to higher gas consumption rates. The CO₂ hydrate formation achieved a water-to-hydrate conversion rate up to 86.03%, with sequestration rate up to 48.77%. Notably, hydrates generated with 15% initial water saturation showed the lowest saturation and smallest gas storage capacity.
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  The Mechanism of Increasing Production of Natural Gas Hydrates Based on Reservoir Transformation Around Production Well

  SHEN Pengfei, HOU Jiaxin, DUAN Shuo, LÜ Tao, HE Juan, LI Xiaosen, LI Gang

  Advances in New and Renewable Energy. 2025, 13(5): 510-516. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.05.004

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  The natural gas hydrate resources in the South China Sea are about 80 billion tons of oil equivalent, and the poor permeability of reservoirs leads to low efficiency in hydrate exploitation. Therefore, improving the permeability of hydrate reservoirs has become an urgent need for efficient hydrate development. Taking the hydrate parameters at the W17 station in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea as an example and proposes a method to increase production by enhancing the permeability of the reservoir around the mining wells through reservoir modification. The results show that the high permeability area around the mining well can effectively promote the propagation of depressurization driving force and improve the gas production efficiency of hydrate mining. Taking the three-layer hydrates at the W17 station as an example, without using the near wellbore reservoir modification method, the total gas production in 3 650 d is 2.86 million cubic meters. When the permeability of the high permeability area around the mining well is 0.5 D and the radius of the high permeability area around the mining well is 1, 3, and 5 m, the total gas production in 3 650 d increased by 1.47, 2.12, and 2.75 times, respectively. The total gas production increased significantly with the increase of the radius of the high permeability area around the mining well. The research results can provide a near wellbore reservoir modification method for the exploitation of natural gas hydrates in marine areas, which has practical reference value and theoretical guidance significance.
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  Simulation and Optimization of Gasification with Direct Melting Process of Refuse Derived Fuels

  ZHAO Wei, WANG Yongxiang, ZHAO Penglong, HUANG Jiejie, ZHANG Yongqi

  Advances in New and Renewable Energy. 2025, 13(5): 517-526. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.05.005

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  Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) are molded organic solid waste that can be thermochemically transformed by gasification and melting of their internal organic and inorganic components. However, the cost of actually designing and optimizing the process is high. In this study, a gasification with direct melting model applicable to organic solid waste was established by combining experimental and simulation methods, taking into account the pyrolysis products as well as the solid fuel layer combustion law. The model matches the results of the actual operating British Gas-Lurgi (BGL) slagging gasifier under similar process conditions. Meanwhile, the effects of oxygen equivalence ratio (O2) and steam/RDF ratio (R) on process performance such as crude gas composition, steam decomposition ratio, effective gas yield, cold gas efficiency, and gas calorific value were investigated. It was pointed out that the autothermal operation of the process could not be satisfied when the oxygen equivalent ratio was lower than 0.195. The response surfaces of parameters and key indicators were further established by regression, so that the boundary conditions of the optimal parameters were analyzed and obtained. When O2 = 0.240 and R = 0.120, the dry basis crude gas has 54.3% CO, 36.2% hydrogen, 3.0% CO₂, 3.4% CH₄, and 27.1 g/m³ of tar, at which time the cold gas efficiency is 89.7%. These results show that the established model can reasonably and accurately predict the performance of the gasification with direct melting reactor for organic solid waste, and can provide an important reference for the design and development of the process.
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  Characterization of Organic Matter Decomposition in Continuous Anaerobic Digestion of High-Solid Pig Manure

  LI Yang, ZHANG Zhuoyi, QIAO Wei

  Advances in New and Renewable Energy. 2025, 13(5): 527-534. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.05.006

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  High-solid anaerobic digestion of pig manure offers the advantage of producing minimal liquid digestate. However, the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter can be hindered by potential mass transfer limitations when high-solid pig manure is used. It remains uncertain whether the commonly employed continuously stirring reactor is effective for high-solid pig manure. To address this issue, this study operated 131 d mesophilic continuous anaerobic digestion reactor treating pig manure with a total solid (TS) content of up to 15%, with a hydraulic retention time set at 90 days. The decomposition of organic matter and the reaction kinetics were investigated. The results indicated that each gram of pig manure contained 0.91 g and 1.27 g of chemical oxygen demand (COD) per gram of total solids and volatile solids (VS), respectively. High-solid pig manure was effectively decomposed, yielding methane production of 0.31 L/g, which was very close to the methane production potential. Approximately 53% of VS and 55% of COD were decomposed. The total volatile fatty acids concentration remained below 100 mg/L, demonstrating high decomposition efficiency and strong process stability. Material balance analysis revealed that approximately 52% of carbohydrates and 31% of proteins were decomposed. The research results indicate that high concentration pig manure with a TS concentration of 15% can be fermented using a fully mixed fermentation process, which is feasible for industrial application.
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  Restorative Effect of Bioaugmentation on Acidification in Food Waste Anaerobic Digestion

  LI Shuangshuang, ZHANG Yi, HU Zhiyuan, CHENG Xingyu, LI Ying, SUN Yongming

  Advances in New and Renewable Energy. 2025, 13(5): 535-542. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.05.007

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  Anaerobic digestion of food waste operates under high organic loading rate(OLR) conditions, which has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and low energy consumption. However, OLR overload often leads to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids, which in turn causes a decrease in pH, inhibits the activity of methanogens, and leads to system rancidity. To restore the gas production capacity of the rancidity system, this study explored the effects of three methods of bioaugmentation (adding the original inoculum or methanogenic bacteria) and adding trace elements (Fe) on the restoration of the rancidity system. By comparing the methanogenic performance, changes in intermediate metabolites and microbial community structure succession of the three methods, the effects of different methods on the restoration of rancidity were evaluated, and the microbial mechanism of the restoration of rancidity was revealed. The results showed that adding Fe could not restore gas production; adding the original inoculum can restore gas production in a short time; the addition of methanogenic bacteria has the best effect on the restoration of rancidity, and can quickly restore the gas production capacity of the rancidity system. When the OLR of rancidity system was restored to 1.5 g/(L·d), the methanogenic bacteria bioaugmentation restored the volumetric gas production rate to the range of 0.73-0.86 L/(L·d). It remained stable, and the methane content was always maintained at about 60%. The reason is that the bioaugmentation of methanogenic bacteria improves the relative abundance of Syntrophomonas, Methanothrix and Methanosarcina, and promotes the rapid degradation of accumulated acetic acid and propionic acid, thus enhancing the gas production capacity of the system. This study provides an effective technical method and theoretical basis for relieving the acid inhibition problem in the anaerobic digestion of food waste.
  

  
  
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  Research Progress of Radiative Sky Cooling Technology in Building Energy Conservation Applications

  ZHAI Qiang, QIU Changyu, XIONG Teng, GU Xiaobin, DONG Kaijun, SUN Qin, XUE Yuxin, LUO Weimin, ZHANG Bobo, LI Yaxia

  Advances in New and Renewable Energy. 2025, 13(5): 543-554. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.05.008

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  Radiative sky cooling is a cooling technology that utilizes the coldness of deep space. It has the cooling effect by emitting infrared radiation into space through the “atmospheric window” (mainly within the 8-13 µm wavelength) and strongly reflecting solar radiation. As a clean, flexible, and scalable renewable energy utilization method radiative sky cooling has broad application prospects in the field of building energy conservation. The material properties, device design and weather conditions are the critical factors influencing the performance of radiative sky cooling. In this paper, the fundamental principles of radiative sky cooling are introduced and the theoretical calculation methods to evaluate its performance is reviewed. Based on the latest research, the selective and broadband radiative sky cooling materials are introduced and the latest advanced materials properties are summarized. Then, the different performance experimental device designs are discussed. In addition, a preliminary analysis of the influence of different weather conditions on the performance of this technology is conducted. Finally, the current radiative sky cooling applications on building are summarized. The development prospects and challenges of radiative sky cooling is concluded to provide a reference for future research. 
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  Experimental Study on the Formation Kinetics of Mixed Gas Hydrate in Oil-Water Emulsion

  LIN Decai, HUANG Ting, CHEN Yuchuan, SHI Bohui, SONG Shangfei, LIANG Deqing, LU Jingsheng, GONG Jing

  Advances in New and Renewable Energy. 2025, 13(5): 555-563. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.05.009

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  As oil and gas resources continue to advance into deep water, ultra-deep water area, and ultra-deep wells on land, the problem of hydrate flow guarantee in the process of oil-gas-water multiphase flow is increasingly prominent. In this paper, a visual high-pressure reactor is built to investigate the hydrate induction time and hydrate growth characteristics in the oil-water emulsion system. The results show that the hydrate induction time decreases first and then increases with the increase of the driving force of hydrate formation. The stirring speed is positively correlated with the hydrate induction time. The hydrate induction time of 40% water content system is only slightly higher than that of 30% water content and 50% water content system. The hydrate growth stage is accompanied by bubble ablation, gas-liquid interface rise, hydrate to gas phase growth, hydrate block stability and other phenomena. The hydrate growth rate is positively correlated with the initial pressure and the stirring speed, and negatively correlated with the water bath temperature and the water content in the emulsion.
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  Tubular Design and Gas Storage Characteristics of a Flexible Underwater Gas Storage Container

  LIU Mingyao, SUN Ke, SHENG Qihu, CHEN Tianyu

  Advances in New and Renewable Energy. 2025, 13(5): 564-572. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.05.010

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  Flexible gas containers are currently of interest in the research of gas storage of underwater compressed air energy storage (UCAES), which can achieve high-pressure and isobaric gas storage through deformation in deep-sea environment. The tubular design can meet the demand for large-capacity energy storage and has great potential for development. At present, this design method is still in the theoretical analysis stage and lacks research on the deformation and gas storage characteristics. This study presents a two-dimensional mathematical model for the tubular gas container design. A three-dimensional numerical model is established in Abaqus to simulate the charging and discharging processes, and investigates its deformation, pressure-volume relationship, and structural stress characteristics, considering the geometric and boundary nonlinearity of the structure. The results show that there is a critical state at the inflation ratio of 0.72, and the flexible structure begins self-contacting from bottom to top in the discharging process. The theoretical results of the shape and gas storage characteristics are consistent with the simulation results, and it proves that the dimensionless theoretical model has a good prediction. This study provides deep insight into tubular gas containers, and a finite element analysis model can be used for the further design optimization of flexible underwater gas storage systems, offering an effective design reference for their engineering applications.
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  Experimental Study of Energy Storage Characteristics of Aquifer

  HUANG Zhiwei, ZHANG Yuanyuan, TIAN Xiaoming, YE Cantao, GONG Yulie

  Advances in New and Renewable Energy. 2025, 13(5): 573-581. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.05.011

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  Aquifer thermal energy storage technology can alleviate issues such as the integration of new energy and power system peak shaving. It is a type of seasonal energy storage technology. This paper establishes a geothermal confined aquifer thermal energy storage experimental system to conduct energy storage experiments under different conditions. The effect of different parameters on the energy storage characteristics are investigated, with energy storage efficiency as the main focus and energy grade as a supplement. The results indicate that: (1) Lowering the injection temperature, increasing the injection flow rate, and the injection and production duration all resulted in higher energy storage efficiency. Pressure has little effect on energy storage efficiency. The optimal injection and production mode is to inject and produce the thermal medium through the upper of the aquifer. (2) The parameter sensitivity of energy storage efficiency, in descending order, is injection temperature, injection and production mode, injection flow rate, injection and production duration, and pressure. (3) With repeated injection and production processes in the aquifer thermal energy storage system, energy storage efficiency and energy grade gradually increases and stabilizes. These conclusions can provide a reference for the design and operation of aquifer thermal energy storage systems.
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  Experimental Study on the Thermal Performance of R515B Inverter High-Temperature Heat Pump System

  JIANG Zhipeng, LI Shuaiqi, LIN Xiong, SONG Wenji, FENG Ziping, GAO Zhaozhang

  Advances in New and Renewable Energy. 2025, 13(5): 582-590. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.05.012

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  To investigate the performance of R515B inverter high-temperature heat pump system, a set of 80 cm³ inverter scroll high-temperature heat pump performance test platform was built, and the influence of heat source temperature, outlet water temperature and compressor frequency on the system energy efficiency coefficient (COP), volumetric heat, unit heating capacity, refrigeration capacity, volumetric efficiency and isentropic efficiency of the compressor were studied, and the empirical formulas of volumetric efficiency and isentropic efficiency were fitted. The results show that with the increase of heat source temperature and the decrease of outlet temperature, the COP and heat yield of the system gradually increase. When the heat source temperature is between 30 and 50 ℃, the increase of COP and heat yield is the most significant. When the outlet temperature is 90 ℃, the increase of COP and heat yield is 30.2%, 18.7%, 18.0% and 16.9%, respectively, for every 5 ℃ heat source temperature gradient. The increases of heat production were 23.0%, 31.0%, 20.4% and 26.1%, respectively. In the frequency range of 60-120 Hz, the system has the best performance and stability when the frequency is 80 Hz. In the temperature range of the effluent temperature of 70-95 ℃, the volumetric efficiency ranges from 85.0% to 68.3%, the isentropic efficiency ranges from 74.1% to 43.7%, and the system COP ranges from 3.94 to 2.24. Heat production is 24.91 ~ 20.28 kW. The isentropic efficiency and volumetric efficiency of the scroll compressor are fitted by multivariate polynomial, and the fitting accuracy is 0.951 43 and 0.953 07, respectively.
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  Evaluation of the Applicability of Classical Atmospheric Boundary Layer Analytical Models to Wind Flow over Complex Terrain

  LI Jinzhui, MA Guolin, SONG Yilei, TIAN Linlin, ZHAO Ning, ZHOU Qinqian

  Advances in New and Renewable Energy. 2025, 13(5): 591-600. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.05.013

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  Wind flow in complex terrain wind farms is affected by atmospheric circulation and topography, which is a big challenge for the application of atmospheric boundary layer analytical models to evaluate wind resources with more accuracy. To investigate the adaptability of classical atmospheric boundary layer analytical models in complex terrain wind flow, the applicability of classical wind speed profiles, turbulence intensity profiles, and engineering spectral models in representative locations of complex terrain is investigated using observational data from the classical Askervein wind tower and the high-accuracy simulation data from a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model (WRF)-coupled with a microscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The logarithmic and exponential law models based on the boundary layer theory and Monin-Obukhov theory and the Gryning model based on the mixing length theory are selected for the wind speed profile and turbulence intensity profile; the common Karman, Davenport and Kaimal spectra are selected for the wind power spectral modeling of turbulence wind. The results show that the application of classical atmospheric boundary layer analytical models in complex mountain wind farms has limitations, the logarithmic and exponential law wind speed profiles are unable to describe the high-level wind speed characteristics in flat terrain and the wind acceleration effect on the top of the hill, and the Gryning model has a greater advantage in the assessment of high-level wind speed, but it also fails to reflect the wind acceleration effect caused by the hill; the logarithmic and exponential law turbulence intensity profiles perform well in the near-surface layer but underestimate the decay with height turbulence in the upper layers; Karman spectra and Davenport spectra can more accurately assess the energy characteristics of turbulence wind speed inertial subregions at the top and leeward slope of the hill. The research results can be used to guide the selection of engineering models for wind resource assessment and the modeling of new atmospheric boundary layer analytical models for wind farms in complex terrain.