Three different cylindrical lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) power batteries were fabricated by using resin-coated natural graphite (RCNG), artificial graphite (AG) and mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB) as negative material, respectively. Crystalline structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical performance of each power battery was tested by various charge/discharge means. The results showed that the lithium iron phosphate/mesophase carbon microbeads (LFP/MCMB) battery exhibited better electrochemical performance in low temperature, rate and cycle performance. It remained 61.04% of 1 C capacity retention at −20°C, capacity retention and temperature elevation at 6 C high-rate were respectively 87.52% and 24.8°C, and capacity retention at 3 C rate was 93.81% after 1 000 cycles.