
0 前言
1 计算模型和方法
1.1 离散相模型
1.2 沉积模型
Fig. 1 Sketch of the force analysis on a particle colliding with a heat exchanger tube图1 颗粒撞击换热管时的受力分析简图 |
2 物理模型和计算验证
2.1 模型和计算方法
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the physical model图2 物理模型的示意图 |
Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the partial grid division of the computational domain图3 部分网格划分的示意图 |
Fig. 4 Flow chart of calculating particle deposition图4 颗粒沉积计算流程 |
Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of ash-containing flue gas flowing across an elliptical heat exchanger tube图5 含灰烟气外掠椭圆形换热管的示意图 |
2.2 计算验证
Table 1 Comparisons of the impact efficiencies between the simulated and theoretical values for the cases with different grid nodes表 1 不同网格节点下撞击率模拟值和理论值对比 |
网格节点 | 节点尺寸 / mm | 撞击率 | 误差 / % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
理论 | 模拟 | |||
24 | 5.236 | 0.108 | 0.075 | 30.6 |
48 | 2.618 | 0.108 | 0.101 | 6.5 |
96 | 1.309 | 0.108 | 0.115 | 6.5 |
192 | 0.654 | 0.108 | 0.098 | 9.3 |
384 | 0.327 | 0.108 | 0.110 | 1.9 |
768 | 0.164 | 0.108 | 0.106 | 1.9 |
Table 2 Comparison between the simulated and theoretical values of particle impact efficiencies表2 颗粒的撞击率的模拟计算值与理论计算值的对比 |
颗粒粒径 / μm | 撞击率 | 误差 / % | |
---|---|---|---|
理论 | 模拟 | ||
3 | 0.097 | 0.093 | 3.85 |
5 | 0.329 | 0.316 | 3.91 |
10 | 0.696 | 0.708 | 1.76 |
15 | 0.840 | 0.835 | 0.69 |
20 | 0.905 | 0.917 | 1.38 |
30 | 0.955 | 0.954 | 0.15 |
35 | 0.967 | 0.969 | 0.21 |
Fig. 6 System diagram of the thermal fly ash deposition test rig图6 热态飞灰沉积试验装置系统图 |
Table 3 Comparison between the simulation results and experimental results表3 模拟结果与实验结果的对比 |
入口速度 / (m/s) | 沉积效率 / % | 误差 / % | |
---|---|---|---|
模拟 | 实验 | ||
1.14 | 9.44 | 8.64 | 8.47 |
1.57 | 8.10 | 7.80 | 3.70 |
2.00 | 5.45 | 5.34 | 2.02 |
3 结果与讨论
3.1 换热管椭圆度的影响
Fig. 7 Simulation results for the cases with different ellipticities: (a) impact efficiency; (b) sticking efficiency; (c) deposition efficiency图7 不同椭圆度下的模拟结果:(a)撞击率;(b)黏附率;(c)沉积率 |
Fig. 8 Distribution of particle impact locations for the cases at different ellipticities图8 不同椭圆度下的颗粒撞击位置分布图 |
Fig. 9 Analysis on the impact process of one particle upon a heat exchanger tube图9 颗粒撞击换热管的过程分析图 |
Fig. 10 Velocity clouds of fluid around the heat exchanger tube for the cases with different ellipticities图10 不同椭圆度下换热管附近流体的速度云图 |
3.2 烟气流速的影响
Fig. 11 Simulation results of the cases at different flue gas velocities: (a) impact efficiency; (b) sticking efficiency; (c) deposition efficiency图11 颗粒在不同烟气流速下的模拟结果:(a)撞击率;(b)黏附率;(c)沉积率 |
3.3 颗粒粒径的影响
Fig. 12 Simulation results of the cases at different particle diameters: (a) impact efficiency; (b) sticking efficiency; (c) deposition efficiency图12 在不同颗粒直径下的模拟结果:(a)撞击率;(b)黏附率;(c)沉积率 |
Fig. 13 Trajectories of the particles with different particle sizes图13 不同粒径颗粒的运动轨迹图 |