2,2-Bis-(4-(β-cyan-ethoxy)-phenyl)-propane (DBDCN), 2-(4-(β-cyan-ethoxy)-phenyl)-2'-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane (DBMCN) and 2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)propane (DBMB) were synthesized by modifying bisphenol A through a Michael addition reaction using acrylonitrile or methyl etherification using dimethyl sulfate. These compounds were explored as new redox shuttle additives for overcharge protection in lithium-ion batteries. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), overcharge test, electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS), charge-discharge cycle performance, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out to investigate the electrochemical performances, and the compatibility of these additives in the electrolyte with LiFePO4 electrode. These three compounds had a working potential of 4.1 V (vs Li/Li+), and showed significantly improved overcharge protection performance when used as additive (0.1 M) in 1 mol/L LiPF6/ [ethylene carbonate (EC) + diethyl carbonate (DEC) + ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) (1:1:1, by volume)]. Among them, DBMB exhibited best overcharge protection performance in 100% overcharge at 5 V cutoff voltage. After 100 cycles at 0.5 C rate, the capacity retention for LiFePO4/Li cell, using the base electrolyte and the electrolyte with 0.1 M DBDCN, 0.1 M DBMB and 0.1 M DBMCN additive, were 87.7%, 87.0%, 89.5% and 84.3%, respectively.
Key words
lithium-ion battery /
electrolyte /
overcharge protection additive /
bisphenol A /
electro-polymerization
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