Advances in New and Renewable Energy

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Research Progress on Properties of Bio-Carbon Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

Yuhui LIANG, Dezhen CHEN

Advances in New and Renewable Energy, 2025, 13(1): 51-68. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.01.007

制备方式	原料	炭产率/%	比表面积/(m²/g)	孔体积/(cm³/g)	H/C	O/C	灰分/%
热解	木质生物质^{[36⇓⇓-39]}	15.3 ~ 67.0	0.17 ~ 637.00	0.023 ~ 0.520	0.11 ~ 0.84	0.06 ~ 0.57	0.9 ~ 43.5
	草本生物质^{[36,40⇓-42]}	15.0 ~ 32.0	2.67 ~ 21.41	0.001 ~ 0.007	0.19 ~ 1.79	0.20 ~ 0.26	7.5 ~ 76.4
	海洋生物质^{[36,43⇓-45]}	12.0 ~ 26.0	0.39 ~ 63.33	0.003 ~ 0.028	0.15 ~ 0.36	0.21 ~ 0.36	4.5 ~ 35.1
	水果生物质^{[36,46⇓⇓-49]}	22.2 ~ 71.9	1.20 ~ 368.40	0.033 ~ 0.520	0.22 ~ 1.79	0.09 ~ 0.26	3.4 ~ 34.3
水热	木质生物质^[36,50-51]	18.0 ~ 50.0	0.05 ~ 158.00	0.010 ~ 0.320	0.26 ~ 1.54	0.12 ~ 0.37	2.5 ~ 36.2
	草本生物质^{[36,39,52-53]}	13.0 ~ 29.0	1.27 ~ 15.41	0.001 ~ 0.003	0.29 ~ 1.55	0.56 ~ 1.88	2.6 ~ 22.5
	海洋生物质^[54⇓-56]	8.0 ~ 19.0	0.39 ~ 63.33	0.003 ~ 0.028	0.06 ~ 0.15	0.22 ~ 1.11	14.5 ~ 40.2
	水果生物质^{[20,23,57-58]}	13.2 ~ 36.5	0.52 ~ 128.40	0.013 ~ 0.320	0.12 ~ 2.11	0.29 ~ 0.46	2.4 ~ 12.3
气化	木质生物质^{[40,59⇓-61]}	5.0 ~ 15.0	78.00 ~ 241.83	0.170 ~ 0.380	0.06 ~ 0.09	0.00 ~ 0.01	3.9 ~ 49.5
	草本生物质^{[48,62⇓-64]}	11.4 ~ 34.2	18.00 ~ 231.00	0.170 ~ 0.320	0.06 ~ 0.08	0.02 ~ 0.07	4.0 ~ 13.4
	海洋生物质^{[36,55,65-66]}	6.0 ~ 12.3	13.00 ~ 63.00	0.150 ~ 0.410	0.03 ~ 0.25	0.02 ~ 0.04	2.0 ~ 9.4
	水果生物质^[67⇓-69]	3.0 ~ 9.6	29.00 ~ 321.00	0.130 ~ 0.550	0.05 ~ 0.36	0.01 ~ 0.02	3.0 ~ 16.4

Table 1 Characteristics of biochar produced with different preparation methods and raw materials

Other figure/table from this article

Fig. 1 Working principle of double electric layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor
Fig. 2 Relationship between microporosity and specific capacitance of dragonfly forewing biochar^[71]
Fig. 3 Relationship between pore structure, specific surface area, and specific capacitance^[73]
Fig. 4 The relationship between specific surface area and specific capacitance of different biochars (plants include willow catkins^[62], straw^[55], pine needles^[68], cotton stalks^[76], poplar^[37], moringa stems^[38]; agricultural products include rice^[54], corn^[67], tea leaves^[39], starch^[77], seeds^[78], paddy^[79]; industrial products include chitosan^[80], cola^[81], chitin^[82], tires^[83]; residues include hair^[84], pig tails^[85], waste newspapers^[86], shrimp shells^[87], crab shells^[88], rice husks^[89]; fungi and algae include algal microspheres^[90], hexactinellids^[91], black fungus^[65], red algae^[92], Saccharomyces cerevisiae^[93], Bacillus^[94])
Table 2 Electrochemical properties of biomass-based biochar materials doped with heterons
Fig. 5 Types of oxygen-containing functional groups introduced by hydrogen peroxide activation^[117]
Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of the fabrication of polypyrrole-coated paper^[134]
Fig. 7 Synthesis process of ACEP and ACEP@MnO₂^[135]
Table 3 Comparison of modification methods of different biochar
Table 4 Composition of four typical types of biomass^{[14,36,147⇓-149]}
Table 5 Application of four types of typical biomass in supercapacitors

模态框（Modal）标题

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