Advances in New and Renewable Energy

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Research Progress on Properties of Bio-Carbon Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

Yuhui LIANG, Dezhen CHEN

Advances in New and Renewable Energy, 2025, 13(1): 51-68. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.01.007

原料	改性方式	比表面积/(m²/g)	代表性官能团	电流密度/(A/g)	比电容/(F/g)	参考文献
椴木	酶解	1 418	羰基、酯基、羟基	1.00*	384	[116]
椰子叶鞘	二氧化碳活化	419	羰基、羟基、醚键	1.00	361	[76]
虾壳	氢氧化钾活化	1 113	吡咯氮、吡啶氮	0.05	348	[87]
虾壳	未活化	315	—	0.05	124	[87]
稻壳	氢氧化钾活化	3 263	羰基、羟基	0.50	315	[136]
棉秆	氢氧化钾活化	1 964	—	0.20	254	[137]
棉秆	未活化	584	—	0.20	67	[137]
玫瑰花	氢氧化钾/硝酸钾活化	1 980	羧基、羰基、羟基、醚键	1.00	350	[138]
污泥	碳酸氢钾活化	1 120	吡咯氮、吡啶氮	1.00	287	[125]
杨树	氯化锌活化	1 462	羰基、羟基、吡啶氮	0.50	251	[62]
杨树	未活化	385	—	0.50	75	[62]
鱼腥草	氮掺杂	2 090	吡啶氮、吡咯氮、石墨氮	1.00	473	[69]
曼陀罗种子荚	氮、硫共掺杂	795	硫醚键、吡啶氮、吡咯氮	1.00	340	[99]
麻秸秆	氧化铁/炭复合	366	铁氧基团	1.00	256	[139]
甘蔗渣	二氧化锰/炭复合	2 050	—	1.00	492	[140]
竹子	石墨烯/炭气凝胶复合	2 994	β-二酮、醇羟基、酚羟基	100.00	139	[141]

Table 3 Comparison of modification methods of different biochar

Other figure/table from this article

Fig. 1 Working principle of double electric layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor
Table 1 Characteristics of biochar produced with different preparation methods and raw materials
Fig. 2 Relationship between microporosity and specific capacitance of dragonfly forewing biochar^[71]
Fig. 3 Relationship between pore structure, specific surface area, and specific capacitance^[73]
Fig. 4 The relationship between specific surface area and specific capacitance of different biochars (plants include willow catkins^[62], straw^[55], pine needles^[68], cotton stalks^[76], poplar^[37], moringa stems^[38]; agricultural products include rice^[54], corn^[67], tea leaves^[39], starch^[77], seeds^[78], paddy^[79]; industrial products include chitosan^[80], cola^[81], chitin^[82], tires^[83]; residues include hair^[84], pig tails^[85], waste newspapers^[86], shrimp shells^[87], crab shells^[88], rice husks^[89]; fungi and algae include algal microspheres^[90], hexactinellids^[91], black fungus^[65], red algae^[92], Saccharomyces cerevisiae^[93], Bacillus^[94])
Table 2 Electrochemical properties of biomass-based biochar materials doped with heterons
Fig. 5 Types of oxygen-containing functional groups introduced by hydrogen peroxide activation^[117]
Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of the fabrication of polypyrrole-coated paper^[134]
Fig. 7 Synthesis process of ACEP and ACEP@MnO₂^[135]
Table 4 Composition of four typical types of biomass^{[14,36,147⇓-149]}
Table 5 Application of four types of typical biomass in supercapacitors

模态框（Modal）标题

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