Advances in New and Renewable Energy

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Research Progress on Properties of Bio-Carbon Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

Yuhui LIANG, Dezhen CHEN

Advances in New and Renewable Energy, 2025, 13(1): 51-68. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-560X.2025.01.007

Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of the fabrication of polypyrrole-coated paper^[134]

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Fig. 1 Working principle of double electric layer capacitor, pseudocapacitor, and hybrid supercapacitor
Table 1 Characteristics of biochar produced with different preparation methods and raw materials
Fig. 2 Relationship between microporosity and specific capacitance of dragonfly forewing biochar^[71]
Fig. 3 Relationship between pore structure, specific surface area, and specific capacitance^[73]
Fig. 4 The relationship between specific surface area and specific capacitance of different biochars (plants include willow catkins^[62], straw^[55], pine needles^[68], cotton stalks^[76], poplar^[37], moringa stems^[38]; agricultural products include rice^[54], corn^[67], tea leaves^[39], starch^[77], seeds^[78], paddy^[79]; industrial products include chitosan^[80], cola^[81], chitin^[82], tires^[83]; residues include hair^[84], pig tails^[85], waste newspapers^[86], shrimp shells^[87], crab shells^[88], rice husks^[89]; fungi and algae include algal microspheres^[90], hexactinellids^[91], black fungus^[65], red algae^[92], Saccharomyces cerevisiae^[93], Bacillus^[94])
Table 2 Electrochemical properties of biomass-based biochar materials doped with heterons
Fig. 5 Types of oxygen-containing functional groups introduced by hydrogen peroxide activation^[117]
Fig. 7 Synthesis process of ACEP and ACEP@MnO₂^[135]
Table 3 Comparison of modification methods of different biochar
Table 4 Composition of four typical types of biomass^{[14,36,147⇓-149]}
Table 5 Application of four types of typical biomass in supercapacitors

模态框（Modal）标题

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